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22 May 2015
鵝口瘡
註冊中醫師 彭明慧
鵝口瘡是以口腔白屑爲特徵的一種常見疾病,在口腔黏膜表面形成白色斑膜,症狀如鵝口樣,故名「鵝口瘡」,多見於嬰幼兒。現今醫學認為此病是由真菌感染,多為白色念珠菌感染引起,是一種兒童口腔常見疾病,舌上、頰內、牙齦,或唇內、上齶散佈白屑,可融合成片,綿延反覆;重者可向咽喉等處蔓延,影響吮乳及呼吸。
鵝口瘡發病無明顯季節性,常見於稟賦不足,體質虛弱,營養不良,久病、久瀉的小兒,尤以早産兒、新生兒多見。中醫古籍對鵝口瘡亦有論述,謂:「小兒初生口裏白屑起,乃至舌上生瘡,如鵝口裏,…此由在胎時受谷氣盛,心脾熱氣熏發於口故也。」明確指出了鵝口瘡是由心和脾積熱所致。
本病以胎熱內蘊,口腔不潔,感染穢毒之邪爲主要病因。孕母體內蘊積熱毒遺於胎兒,或出生後護理不當,口腔不潔,柔嫩粘膜易於破損,穢毒之邪乘虛而入,發爲本病。或因疾病用藥不當,抵抗力低下,體內陰陽平衡失調,身體津液暗耗,虛火內生,上熏口舌而成。
治療鵝口瘡就必須分辨嬰幼兒的症狀孰虛孰實:實熱證治以清熱瀉火解毒,虛火證治以滋陰潛陽降火,兩者均當配合外治療法。
實熱證
症狀:口腔白屑厚積,周圍色素紅,眼垢多,面赤唇紅,煩躁多啼,大便乾澀,尿短黃,舌紅,苔黃
治法:清泄心脾積熱
藥茶:黃連3g、連翹6g、梔子6g、黃芩6g、生石膏15g(先煎)、生地12g、茯苓6g、燈心草6g、蘆根9g、天花粉6g
做法:
所有選材(生石膏除外)洗淨,放入大湯碗中加水浸泡約30分鐘
將生石膏放入煲內加入約4碗水,大火煲滾後,轉中小火熬約30分鐘
30分鐘後,將(1)不連水,加入(2)藥液中
轉大火煲滾後,再轉回中小火熬約15-20分鐘即成
虛火證
症狀:病程長,口腔白屑稀散,周圍紅暈並不顯著,體形偏瘦怯弱,面白顴紅,手足心熱,口乾不渴,舌嫩紅,少苔
治法:滋腎養陰降火
藥茶:生地12g、山茱萸9g、山藥9g、茯苓6g、澤瀉6g、丹皮6g、知母6g、黃柏6g、川牛膝6g
做法:
將所有選材洗淨,放入煲內加入約3碗水中浸約30分鐘
大火煲滾後,轉中小火熬約40分鐘即成
預防:
食物宜新鮮、潔淨
餵哺母乳的媽媽不可進食辛辣刺激之品
注意嬰幼兒口腔衛生,哺乳嬰兒的奶瓶、奶嘴,餵哺母乳媽媽的乳頭均應保持清潔
對先天稟賦不足、和久病或久瀉的嬰幼兒應加強護理,避免長期使用抗生素導致體內菌群失調
護理:
勤餵水
避免過熱、過硬或刺激性食物,防止口腔粘膜損傷
加強口腔護理,可用消毒棉簽蘸冷開水或輕輕拭洗患兒口腔,再用西瓜霜噴劑或鵝口散塗搽患處。
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