Search by Keyword ...
Menu
Quick Links:
Close Form
Login
繁
简
Login
Email
Please enter your email
Please enter a valid email address
Password
Please enter a password
Login Failed
Forgot your password?
Login Failed
Facebook Login
Login
New to Lifewire? Sign Up!
Forgot your password
Login Email
Sorry, we don't recognise that email address
Please enter your email
Please enter a valid email address
Submit
Sign Up
First Name (Required)
Please enter your firstname
Last Name (Required)
Please enter your lastname
Email (Required )
Please enter your email
Please enter a valid email address
This email has already been registered
Password (Required; 6 to 20 characters)
Please enter a password
Confirm Password (Required)
Please confirm your password
Passwords do not match
Avatar (Please provide a square image)
The information collected will be treated as strictly confidential and the information related personal date will be handled in accordance with the requirements of Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486, Laws of Hong Kong)We shall use your personal data for issuing receipts and communications.
Lifewire Foundation may use your contact information for the purpose of communications, fundraising campaigns promote, volunteer recruitment and survey administration.
You may choose to stop receiving such information at any time; please inform us by post or email to info@lifewire.hk
I
Agree
Disagree the above arrangement.
Submit
Already have an account? Login
Thanks for signing up.
You'll be receiving confirmation email soon.
About Lifewire
About Us
Governance Bodies
Contact Us
FAQs
Annual Report
Causes & Campaigns
Causes
Campaigns
Create campaign
Support Lifewire
How to Donate
Join Us
Volunteering
Lifewire's Donation Box Locations
Social Services
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Wedding Favour Donation
100 Day "Full Moon" Celebration Favour Donation
Life Education
Business-School Nurturing Future Scheme
What's New
Latest Activities
Inspiring Story
Video Gallery
Publications
Health & Lifestyle
Star Appeal
Columns
Celebrity Promotion
Star Appeal
Columns
繁
简
Login
Login
Sign Up
About Lifewire
About Us
Governance Bodies
Contact Us
FAQs
Annual Report
Causes & Campaigns
Causes
Campaigns
Create campaign
Support Lifewire
How to Donate
Join Us
Volunteering
Lifewire's Donation Box Locations
Social Services
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Wedding Favour Donation
100 Day "Full Moon" Celebration Favour Donation
Life Education
Business-School Nurturing Future Scheme
What's New
Latest Activities
Inspiring Story
Video Gallery
Publications
Health & Lifestyle
Star Appeal
Columns
Celebrity Promotion
pgview
/CheckIfDuplicatedEmail
/Lang
Share
06 Oct 2016
小兒咳嗽
註冊中醫師 鄧家昇
氣候變化,小朋友經常「吭、吭、吭」,父母不願見到……
小兒咳嗽怎麼辦?
咳嗽(cough)為身體清理肺部、擴大氣管以及清除喉嚨黏液或刺激物質時發出的聲音;於現在醫學而言不僅是一個症狀,而疾病如呼吸道感染、支氣管擴張、肺炎、咽喉炎等均可出現咳嗽,臨床上發病率較高,冬春季節與寒熱交錯之時尤為多見,多於幼兒發生。
「咳」、「嗽」有分別
《素問病機氣宜保命集》指出,「咳為無痰而有聲,肺氣傷而不清也」、「嗽是無聲而有痰,脾濕動而為痰也」、「咳嗽為有痰而有聲,蓋因傷於肺氣,動於脾濕,咳而為嗽也」。這說明咳與嗽可以獨立症狀而出現,也可互相影響而同時發生。
內外因素與發病機理
咳嗽的病因可分內外:外因主要是感受外邪,以風邪為主;內因為肺脾虛弱;發病部位主要在肺脾。
外因:
由於小兒調節身體冷暖的功能未夠成熟,而風邪致病,先犯肺衞。肺主氣,司呼吸,肺被外邪所侵,壅阻肺絡,氣機宣發肅降失司,肺氣上逆,則為咳嗽。另外風為百病之長,可以夾雜寒熱,故致臨床上有風寒、風熱之區別。
內因:
由於小兒脾虛生痰,上儲於肺,導致肺之清肅失司引發為咳嗽。另外由於稟賦不足,素體虛弱,加上外感咳嗽日久不癒,進一步耗傷氣陰,可發展成內傷咳嗽。
病機:
肺臟受累,宣肅失司而成。外感咳嗽病起於肺,內傷咳嗽可由肺病遷延,也可由他臟發病累及肺部所致。
外感咳嗽為
六淫之邪,侵襲肺系統,導致肺氣壅遏不宣;
清肅之功能失常,引起痰液滋生。
內傷咳嗽多為
脾虛生痰,痰阻氣道,影響肺氣出入,致氣逆作咳;
小兒肺脾兩虛,氣不化津則痰濕更易滋生;
在痰濕蘊肺的基礎上,因外感觸發,轉從熱化,則可出現痰熱咳嗽;
小兒稟賦不足,素體虛弱,若外感咳嗽日久不癒,可耗傷氣陰,發展為肺陰耗傷或肺脾氣虛之證。
臨床上與頓咳作鑑別:兩者均以咳嗽為主症,但咳嗽多為聲咳;頓咳為陣發性痙攣性咳嗽,咳後有雞鳴樣哮聲,並吐出痰涎,病程遷延日久為特徵。
辨證論治
(一) 外感咳嗽
風寒咳嗽:咳嗽頻作,咽癢聲重,痰白清稀,鼻塞流涕,惡寒少汗,或有發熱頭痛,全身酸痛,舌苔薄白,脈浮緊,指紋浮紅;治法以散寒宣肺;方藥為金沸草散加減。
風熱犯肺:咳嗽不爽,痰黃粘稠,不易咯出,口渴咽痛,鼻流濁涕,伴有發熱頭痛,惡風,微汗出,舌質紅,苔薄黃,脈浮數,指紋紅紫;治法以疏風肅肺;方藥為桑菊飲加減。
(二)內傷咳嗽
痰熱咳嗽:咳嗽痰黃,稠粘難咯,面赤唇紅,口苦作渴,或有發熱、煩躁不寧,尿少色黃,舌紅苔黃膩,脈滑數,指紋色紫;治法以清肺化痰;方藥為清寧散加減。
痰濕咳嗽:咳嗽重濁,痰多壅盛,色白而稀,胸悶納呆,苔白膩,脈濡;治法以化痰燥濕;方藥為二陳湯合三子養親湯加減。
陰虛咳嗽:乾咳無痰,或痰少而粘,不易咯出,口渴咽幹,喉癢聲嘶,手足心熱,或咳嗽帶血,午後潮熱,舌紅少苔,脈細數;治法以滋陰潤肺,兼清餘熱;方藥為沙參麥冬湯加減
氣虛咳嗽:咳而無力,痰白清稀,面色蒼白,氣短懶言,語聲低微,喜溫畏寒,體虛多汗,舌質淡嫩,脈細少力;治法以健脾補肺,益氣化濕;方藥為六君子湯加味。
預防與護理
加強身體鍛鍊,多作户外活動,外曬太陽,增強抗病能力;
注意氣候變化,防止受涼。尤其秋冬季節變化,注意胸腹部保暖;
病時注意休息,多飲水,進食清淡,易消化食物;
保持室內空氣清新及空氣流通。
食療篇──《川貝杏仁燉雪梨》
功效:養肺止咳
材料:雪梨1個、川貝10克、杏仁10克、冰糖適量
做法:雪梨洗淨去皮,切塊;川貝、杏仁搗碎,隔水燉60分鐘便成。
服法:一星期可燉兩次,尤其是秋冬之間,更為合適。
中藥療篇──《止嗽散》
功效:止咳化痰,宣肺解表
選藥:桔梗10克、荊芥10克、紫菀10克、百部10克、白前10克、甘草6克、陳皮3克
做法:1) 將所有選材洗淨,放入煲內加入四碗水,浸約15分鐘;
2) 煲滾後,轉中小火熬約30分鐘便成。
服法:溫服,每天一劑,連服三天。
《定喘湯》
功效:宣肺降氣,祛痰平喘
選藥:炒白果21枚、麻黃9克、桑白皮9克、黃芩5克、蘇子6克、杏仁5克、法半夏9克、款冬花9克、甘草3克
做法:1) 將所有選材洗淨,放入煲內加入四碗水,浸約15分鐘;
2) 煲滾後,轉中小火熬約30分鐘便成。
服法:溫服,每天一劑,連服三天。
以上資料只供參考,如有疑問,請諮詢註冊中醫師再作相應選擇為宜。
View Comment
(0)
You must be a logged in contributor to comment.
You may be interested to know...
22 Jun 2022
感謝的眼神 - 義工寶媽
義工心聲 Lifewire義工
22 Jun 2022
用同理心派100個飯盒 - 義工蔡健容 Moon
義工心聲 Lifewire義工
22 Jun 2022
大考驗!做100個飯盒 - 義工陳小玉
義工心聲 Lifewire義工
View More Columns
Download Lifewire News
View All Publications
Search by Keyword ...
Stay tuned to our latest News!
Subscribe our Newsletter
Your Name
Your Email
The information collected will be treated as strictly confidential and the information related personal date will be handled in accordance with the requirements of Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486, Laws of Hong Kong)We shall use your personal data for issuing receipts and communications.
Lifewire Foundation may use your contact information for the purpose of communications, fundraising campaigns promote, volunteer recruitment and survey administration.
You may choose to stop receiving such information at any time; please inform us by post or email to info@lifewire.hk
I
Agree
Disagree the above arrangement.
Submit
Please enter your name
Please enter your email
Please enter a valid email address
This email has already been registered as a subscriber
Close
Close