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22 Sep 2016
小兒「濕疹」非常普遍,父母如何處理?(下)
註冊中醫師 鄧家昇
中醫治療濕疹,以疏風、清熱、祛濕、健脾、化瘀為治療原則,同時在不同類型與時期,使用不同治法方藥。
初起以疏風清熱,宜辛涼透表;中期風濕熱互結則治以疏風清熱祛濕,苦寒清透;後期氣耗陰傷可以養陰化燥為主,甘寒柔潤;三期均會引起瘀血出現,臨床上配合活血化瘀之法;因濕毒之邪容易化火傷陰,故亦需要養血化燥、益氣養陰。
根據辨證論治,治法如下:
發病初期:治以辛涼解表、疏風清熱;處方以銀翹散或消風散加減。
病情遷延:治以清熱瀉火、祛濕化瘀;處方以黃連解毒湯或龍膽瀉肝湯加減。
病發後期:治以益氣養血、育陰化燥;處方以沙參麥冬湯或青蒿鱉甲湯加減。
控制濕疹小提示:
(一)生活、工作環境方面建議:
室溫不宜過高,避免令濕疹病情惡化;
衣服建議比較寬鬆,選擇棉質衣物;
避免外界刺激,如熱水燙洗、暴力搔抓、過度洗拭;
忌用鹼性肥皂或化妝品類,保持局部乾燥;
避免接觸誘發濕疹因素,如染料、汽油、油漆、花粉、碳粉、洗潔精等;
避免飼養或接觸貓、狗或雀鳥等有毛寵物;
避免過度緊張及疲勞,保持心境寧靜;
皮損糜爛者,忌油膏包紮,防堵塞毛孔。
(二)飲食調理方面建議:
飲食宜清淡,宜食清熱解毒作用之品,如:綠豆、苦瓜、冬瓜;
避免腥發動火之品,嬰兒忌食牛奶、魚肝油等;
忌致敏食物,如魚、蝦、蟹、花粉等,導致濕疹復發或病情加重;
忌辛辣刺激食物,如濃茶、咖啡、酒、煙、蔥、大蒜等味辛性溫之物,耗陰助陽;
忌發濕、動血,如發濕之物:竹筍、芋頭、蔥、韭菜等;
餵哺母乳有助預防小兒濕疹;
可按摩下列穴位,如大椎、足三里、三陰交、風市、曲池、膈兪、血海、風門。可達到健脾燥濕、去風止癢的效果。
中藥療篇──《消風散加減》
功效:疏風養血,清熱除濕
選藥:生石膏9克、生地黃9克、荊芥6克、苦參6克、防風6克、木通3克、蟬蛻6克、知母6克、牛蒡子6克、亞麻子6克、蒼朮6克、當歸6克、甘草3克
做法:1)將所有選材洗淨,加水5碗,生石膏先煲15分鐘,之後放入其餘藥物;
2)煲滾後,轉中小火熬約30分鐘便成。
服法:溫服,每天1劑,連服3天。
藥膏療篇──《紫雲膏》
功效:潤膚止癢,解毒生肌
選藥:當歸、紫草、金銀花、青黛、黑胡麻油、蜜臘、冰片等
禁忌:G6PD缺乏症、孕婦忌用。
外洗藥療篇
選藥:生石膏30克、生地黃30克、苦參30克、忍冬藤30克、黃芩30克
功效:清熱瀉火,涼血解毒
做法:1)將所有選材洗淨,加水5公升,先浸15分鐘;
2)煲滾後,轉中小火熬約30分鐘便成;
3)去渣,乘涼後入瓶備用。
用法:每次用50至100亳升藥水,用棉花球沾藥水以抹丘疹患處;如大面積丘疹患處,可以用2,000亳升藥水浸泡患處15至20分鐘,之後用清水稍為沖洗。
禁忌:只宜外用,不可內服。
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