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20 Jul 2016
夢遊症VS睡遊症
註冊中醫師 彭明慧
夢遊症或夜遊症兩者均屬於一種特別的睡眠障礙,多發生在兒童期。處於半夢半醒狀態中的睡眠令到睡眠質量降低,令到兒童於睡醒後仍感覺疲乏倦怠,屬於中醫學的「癲癇」症中最輕微的精神運動性發作證型範籌。
夢遊症
指一種在睡眠過程中跟隨夢境像做出一些如睡眠和清醒混合狀態的簡單活動。夢遊者在睡眠中突然眼睛凝視,或半開或全睜,表情呆滯,走路姿勢與平時一樣,對他人的呼喚刺激基本上不作反應,也很難被強行喚醒。患者雖意識不清,但動作似乎有目的性似的。發作後多能自動回到床上繼續睡覺,但次晨醒來對晚間發生的事茫然無知。
睡遊症
睡遊症的特點與夢遊症相似,但其發生時間並非處於作夢的狀態,只是在睡眠狀態中起床進行一些行為。
中醫學認爲兒童體質嬌嫩,屬「稚陰稚陽」之體,意指小兒時期陰與陽有出現尚未能協調的情況,即機體與生理功能均未成熟完善,這和西醫學指兒童的中樞神經系統發育尚未成熟及大腦皮層發育緩慢理論相似。
中醫學認爲人體睡眠狀態是「從陽入陰」,兒童白天好動,即陽盛,故於晚上時候陽不易入陰,便會出現睡不穩的情形。部分兒童發生夢遊症或睡與遊症與心理因素息息相關;如日常生活規律紊亂,環境壓力,焦慮不安及恐懼情緒;家庭關係不和,親子關係欠佳,學習緊張及考試成績不佳等與夢遊症的發生有一定的關係。
此外,中醫還認爲小兒多為「脾常不足」,脾是運化人體養分的重要臟腑,如脾的功能不足,運化工作出現問題,人體便會出現「濕」的情況;當「濕」加重的時候,便會變成「痰」;痰濕會有機會阻礙人體腦髓清竅而令患者神不安心,故而出現夢遊症或夜遊症;所以小兒應避免進食寒涼生冷和辛辣燥熱食物,因這會使脾胃受傷,痰濕、火熱過盛會使病情每況愈下。
再者,亦有因母體在孕育胎兒曾受驚嚇,屬先天遺傳因素,母體突然受到驚嚇會使氣血紊亂,耗傷精虧腎,影響胎兒成長發育,致使日後容易與精神心理因素產生密切關係。
中醫藥治療可以達到很好的治療效果,治療原則以健脾化痰、養心安神及平衡陰陽為主:
【金神豬心湯】
功效:益心、安神、定志
材料:豬心1個、乾金針菜20克、茯神30克、柏子仁15克、准山15克、百合15克、大棗4粒、瘦肉240克
做法:
豬心洗去血污、切片
瘦肉汆水待用
所有材料用水洗淨
煲內注入約3升清水,將所有選藥浸泡約30分鐘
大火煲滾,加入其他材料
煮沸後轉中小火再煲約2小時
加鹽調味即成
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