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31 May 2016
染疣旺季 兒童高危
註冊中醫師 彭明慧
中醫認為疣為常見病毒性贅生物,是由人類乳頭瘤病毒所致的傳染性外科疾病。
「疣」分類有很多種,中醫將不同皮損形態及發病部位而給予病名上的分別:如手背、手指、頭皮等叫「疣目」;發於面部、頸項等叫「扁瘊」;足部叫「跖疣」等。「疣目」(俗稱「飯錐」)於兒童多見,成因常見皮膚破損而受到感染既尋常疣(即所謂「飯錐」),中醫叫做「疣目」;又或是「扁瘊」(即「扁平疣」)。
疣的發生多與肝、肺、脾三個臟腑有關,病機大多是「風、熱、毒」邪引起,外傷、搔抓、磨擦是主要誘發因素。
肝:肝火盛,血燥熱,情緒煩躁影響肝氣鬱滯,氣滯引致血凝而成
肺:中醫學認為「肺主皮毛」,肺氣不足,防禦能力弱,容易受感染
脾:脾胃濕熱,風邪外搏肌膚而生
燥熱型體質較容易出現疣,亦會與機體免疫狀態有關(個人體質因素,對人類乳突狀病毒的抵抗力較弱,或與皮膚免疫力不足而受感染。患有過敏性濕疹、紅斑狼瘡的人,較容易受感染和蔓延。
疣為人類乳突病毒引起的皮膚贅生物,以質硬和丘疹為特徵。除了外觀,可能無自覺症狀,或微癢而已,並不會為患者帶來太大的不適,所以人們未必容易察覺。到發現時,病毒可能已達到「可觀」的數目,影響範圍也不小,顯得「來勢洶洶」。若處理不當,嚴重時會留下永久疤痕,影響外觀。
中醫治療病患:
「疣目」和「扁瘊」皮損少者,一般不需內服,多用外洗消炎。
古醫書有記載可用「馬蹄」摩擦法:
馬蹄去,用白色果肉摩擦疣體
摩擦至微痛感即止,每天3-4次
註:馬蹄能將疣體角質軟化,而且其成份「荸薺英」對黃金色葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌等有一定的抑制作用。
預防要點:
注意個人衛生。如身體上有傷口,應要消毒包紮,一則保護自己,二則避免搔抓而把疣傳播(疣體上有活躍的病毒,搔抓時,正常皮膚產生輕微的損傷,這時病毒很容易擴散到正常皮膚上而產生新的疣。疣不僅可以自身傳染,還可透過直接接觸傳染給他人)。
入公眾場所時不要赤足而行,到公眾浴室或泳池時,必須用自己的毛巾,穿自己的拖鞋等。
運動、游泳前後要身,適當地護理小傷口,減低受感染的風險。
當觸摸完被多人曾觸摸過的物品要消毒清潔雙手,如門柄、扶手等。
多進食易消化和有營養食物,如魚、瘦肉、豆品等,均衡飲食,增強體質。
肺為嬌臟,喜潤惡燥,少食辛辣食物,避免煎炸烹調。
治療一般不需內服,但可強化體質,增加正氣(抵抗力) :
【玉屏四君湯】
功效:強化體質,增加正氣
材料:黃蓍5錢、防風3錢、白術3錢、黨參5錢、茯苓3錢、甘草2錢
【治瘊外洗湯】
功效:清熱解毒、祛風止癢
材料:馬齒莧1兩、木賊草5錢、板藍根5錢、香附5錢、苦參5錢、白鮮皮5錢、蒲公英5錢、紫草5錢、露蜂房5錢、荊芥5錢
註:煎湯,趁熱洗滌患處,每天2—3次,可使皮損脫落。
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