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18 Mar 2016
治療猩紅熱
註冊中醫師 彭明慧
中醫學稱猩紅熱為「丹痧」,屬溫病範疇,是一種急性呼吸道傳染病。多見於2至8歲兒童。臨床以發熱、咽喉腫痛或伴腐爛,全身布有彌漫性猩紅色皮疹為特徵。
中醫認為猩紅熱發生乃溫毒內侵,上蒸咽喉,外達全身所致。辨證治療可分為三型:
(1) 邪在肺衛:
【臨床表現】發熱驟起,咽部紅腫疼痛,皮膚潮紅,可見隱約細小紅點,點如錦紋,為痧毒由裏出表的反映。舌質紅,苔薄黃;或伴有頭痛、嘔吐。
【治則】辛涼宣透,清熱利咽
【選方】解肌透痧湯加減
【選藥】葛根、蟬蛻、浮萍、淡豆豉、荊芥、射干、桔梗、馬勃、牛蒡子、甘草、連翹、竹茹、僵蠶
(2) 熱入氣營:
【臨床表現】高熱煩躁,咽喉腫痛,皮疹密佈,色紅如丹,甚則色紫如瘀點,疹由頸、胸開始,繼而彌漫全身,見疹後的1至2天,舌苔黃糙,舌質紅刺,3至4天后舌苔呈剝脫,舌面光紅,舌質紫紅有刺,狀如楊梅,痧毒火熱及心,心熱上熏舌體,故見舌刺紅腫似「梅」。症見面赤口渴,咽喉腫痛,大便乾結,小便短赤。
【治則】清氣涼營,瀉火解毒
【選方】涼營清氣湯加減
【選藥】生石膏、連翹、薄荷、甘草、生地、丹皮、赤芍、水牛角、梔子、黃連、石斛、竹葉、玄參、白茅根、蘆根
(3) 疹後陰傷:
【臨床表現】皮疹已消,留有餘熱,神疲食少,舌紅。皮膚開始脫屑,伴有低熱,舌紅少津。咽喉糜爛疼痛減輕,唇口乾燥,或伴有乾咳,食欲不振,大便秘結。
【治則】養陰生津,清熱潤喉
【選方】沙參麥冬湯加減
【選藥】沙參、麥冬、天冬、石斛、玄參、桔梗、甘草、蘆根、地骨皮、銀柴胡、知母
防治飲料:
(1) 【黃芩茶】(為清熱解毒之品):
材料:黃芩3錢
做法:
(i) 將黃芩洗淨,放入煲內加入約3碗水浸約20分鐘
(ii) 煲滾後轉中小火熬約30分鐘即成
服法:分3次溫服,連服3天
(2) 【紫車茶】
材料:紫草3錢、車前草3錢
做法:
(i) 將紫草和車前草洗淨,放入煲內加入約3碗水浸約20分鐘
(ii) 煲滾後轉中小火熬約30分鐘即成
服法:分3次溫服,連服3天
(3) 【五汁飲】
材料:雪梨2個、馬蹄10粒、蓮藕半斤、麥冬3錢、蘆根5錢
做法:
(i) 將麥冬和蘆根洗淨,放入煲內加入約3碗水浸約20分鐘
(ii) 煲滾後轉中小火熬約30分鐘,放涼待用
(iii) 雪梨、馬蹄和蓮藕搾汁,混和(ii)即成
服法:可經常飲用
其他:
除治療用藥外,應保持室內空氣新鮮,保持一定的溫度及濕度
治療期間多吃新鮮多汁的水果、蔬菜
避免肥膩辛辣之品
飲食以清淡為宜
患者的衣被要洗燙或曝曬
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